Avian Conservation and Ecology - Écologie et conservation des oiseaux: Lesser Scaup Population Dynamics: What Can Be Learned From Available Data?

Fig. 1. Changes in the population growth rate λ₁ as a function of unit (sensitivity; boxes a and b) and proportional (elasticity; boxes c and d) changes in each vital rate of the deterministic composite model. The small degree of curvature in each line indicates that estimates of sensitivity (boxes a and b) and elasticity (boxes c and d) were quite robust to large deviations in vital-rate values. Probabilistic vital rates were simulated for biologically realistic values only (0 ≤ probability ≤ 1); consequently, some of the lines do not span the entire range of perturbation shown on the x-axes.