Table 1. Summary of vital rate estimates (θv) for female Lesser Scaup breeding in the boreal forest, prairie-parklands, and the two regions combined (composite model). θv† Boreal Forest   Prairie-Parkland   Composite   Data Sources mean n §   mean n §   mean σprocess n § BPSY 0.75 1   0.71 4   0.72 0.08 5   a, b BPASY 0.95‡ −   0.95 4   0.95 0.08 4   a ¶ CSSY 7.88 20   8.82 28   8.37 0.75 48   a, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v CSASY 9.74 20   10.68 28   10.22 0.75 48   a, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v RPSY 0.09‡ −   0.09 4   0.09 0.17 4   a RPASY 0.20‡ −   0.20 4   0.20 0.17 4   a NS 0.32 38   0.33 41   0.32 0.27 79   a, c, d, e, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, o, q, s, u, v, w, x, y, z, ab, ac, ad, ae, af, ag, ah, ai, aj DS 0.35 4   0.53 8   0.46 0.23 12   a, m, n, o, t, u, ak, al, JS 0.53 1   0.55 1   0.54 0.16 | 2   am, an BS 0.80 1   0.79 2   0.79 0.08 3   m, n, o, am, ao NBS 0.66 1   0.77 6   0.76 0.08 7   am, an        †Vital-rate abbreviations and definitions provided in the text. ‡Mean value of the vital rate assumed to be equal to that in the prairie-parklands because estimates do not exist for the boreal forest. § “n” is the number of year-specific and pooled (across time) estimates that were available for each region. | Assumed to be two times greater than that for BS and NBS. ¶ Note that Afton (1984) provided estimates of breeding probability and other vital rates for females of 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 years of age. Based on statistical evidence, we averaged the estimates for individuals of 2, 3, and ≥4 years of age, denoted as the “after second year” (ASY) stage class. Data Sources: a) Afton 1984, b) McKnight and Buss 1962, c) Kalmbach 1937, d) Ellig 1955, e) Smith 1955, f) Keith 1961, g) Vermeer 1968, h) Long 1970, i) Stoudt 1971, j) Hammell 1973, k) Hines 1977, l) Brown 1987, m) Koons 2001, n) Koons and Rotella 2003b, o) Brook 2002, p) Nelson 1953, q) Townsend 1966, r) Petrula 1994, s) Fournier and Hines 2001, t) Walker and Lindberg 2005, u) Corcoran et al. 2006, v) SS unpublished data, w) Leitch 1952, x) Kiel 1953, y) Stoudt and Yeager 1955, z) Rogers 1964, ab) Vermeer 1970, ac) Smith 1971, ad) Giroux 1981, ae) Holm 1984, af) Aufforth et al. 1990, ag) Sankowski and Joynt 1992, ah) Koons and Rotella 2003a, ai) Walker et al. 2005, aj) Bellrose 1978, ak) Afton 1993, al) Dawson and Clark 1996, am) Rotella et al. 2003, an) RGC unpublished data, ao) Brook and Clark 2005.