Avian Conservation and Ecology - Écologie et conservation des oiseaux: Evaluating the Small Population Paradigm for Rare Large-bodied Woodpeckers, with Implications for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker

Fig. 2. Range of Allee effects used in a perturbation analysis of a stage-based, discrete, stochastic population viability analysis for large woodpeckers. The intercept (ß₀) and slope (ß_a) of the relationship between current population size and probability of breeding decreases as the Allee effect becomes stronger. The intercept and slope are shown to the right of each curve (ß₀, ß_a). Population sizes exceeding 2, 5, and 11 ensure that all individuals in the population will attempt to breed under the three scenarios, respectively.